The state must make sure that the particular circles also respect the law and the universal. For this it has officials and advisory authorities. At the top they come together with the monarch.

A battleground:

In civil society, everyone fights everyone else for his own advantage. Here another conflict joins in. Private interest clashes with common affairs. And both clash with the higher aims of the state.

The secret of patriotism:

The spirit of the corporation turns by itself into the spirit of the state. For the citizens know: The state preserves their circles, their rights and their prosperity. So they see the state as their basis. That is where the depth and the strength of the state lie.

And if the heads are clumsy?

That happens often. They know the larger connections poorly. They stand too close to their neighbors. But we can leave this area to freedom. Here even petty passions and conceits may have their play. The less the matter counts for the state, the more this is possible. And people are proud of running their own affairs.

Summary: Officials make sure that the particular circles respect the universal. The spirit of the corporation becomes the spirit of the state. We can accept small faults when people run their own affairs.

»As civil society is the battlefield of the individual private interest of all against all, so here the conflict of this interest against the common particular affairs has its seat, and this conflict together with that against the higher points of view and arrangements of the state. The corporate spirit which is generated in the entitlement of the particular spheres turns at the same time, within itself, into the spirit of the state, since it has in the state the means of preserving its particular ends. This is the secret of the patriotism of the citizens on this side, that they know the state as their substance, because it preserves their particular spheres, together with their entitlement and authority, as well as their welfare. In the corporate spirit, since it directly contains the rootedness of the particular in the universal, lies, to that extent, the depth and the strength which the state has in sentiment.«

Remarkable

1. because of the definition of civil society as the bellum omnium contra omnes |the war of all against all|;

2. because private egoism is betrayed as the »secret of the patriotism of the citizens« and as the »depth and strength of the state in sentiment«;

3. because the »citizen«, the man of particular interest as against the universal, has the member of civil society regarded as a »fixed individual«, just as the state, correspondingly, confronts the »citizens« in »fixed individuals«.

Hegel, one would think, would have had to determine »civil society«, like the »family«, as a determination of every individual of the state, hence also the later »state-qualities« likewise as a determination of the individual of the state in general. But it is not the same individual that develops a new determination of its social essence. It is the essence of the will which allegedly develops its determinations out of itself. The existing various and separate empirical existences of the state are regarded as immediate embodiments of one of these determinations.

Just as the universal as such is made self-subsistent, it is immediately confounded with empirical existence, and the limited is, uncritically, at once taken for the expression of the idea.

Hegel here comes into contradiction with himself only insofar as he does not, in like manner to the citizen, regard the »family human being« as a fixed race excluded from the other qualities.

§ 543. 2. In the particular governmental power there emerges, on the one hand, the division of the business of state into its otherwise determinate branches — the legislative power, the administration of justice or judicial power, the administrative and police power, etc. — and thereby the distribution of these among particular authorities, which, being bound in their business to the laws, thereby and for that reason both possess an independence of their activity and at the same time stand under higher supervision; – on the other hand, there occurs the participation of several in the business of state, who together make up the general estate (§ 528), in so far as they make a business of the universal ends an essential determination of their particular life, for which the further condition of being able to take part individually is education and the skill required for it.

§ 543. b) In the particular governmental power there emerges, on the one hand, the division of the business of state into its otherwise determinate branches — the administration of justice or judicial power, administrative and police power, etc. — and thereby the distribution of these among particular authorities, which, being bound in their business to the laws, thereby and for that reason both possess an independence of their activity and at the same time stand under higher supervision; – on the other hand, there occurs the participation of several in the business of state, who together make up the general estate (§ 528), in so far as they make a business of the universal ends an essential determination of their particular life, for which the further condition of being able to take part individually is education and the skill required for it.