{"id":900465,"date":"2024-05-30T08:10:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-30T06:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/grundlinien.de\/?p=900296"},"modified":"2026-08-24T10:30:26","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T08:30:26","slug":"299","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/grundlinien.de\/en\/299\/","title":{"rendered":"299"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

These matters are more closely determined, in relation to individuals, according to two sides: \u03b1) what accrues to them through the state and which they are to enjoy, and \u03b2) what they have to render to it. Under the former are comprised the laws of private right in general, the rights of communities and corporations, and wholly universal arrangements, and, indirectly (\u00a7 298<\/a>), the constitution as a whole. What is to be rendered, however, can be determined in a just manner, and at the same time in such a way that the particular<\/em> labours and services which the individual can perform are mediated by his arbitrary will, only by being reduced to money<\/em>, as the existing universal value<\/em> of things and of services.<\/p>\n\n\n

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What is to be the object of universal legislation, and what is to be left to the determination of the administrative authorities and to the regulation of government in general, can indeed be distinguished, in general, in such a way that only what is wholly universal in content, the legal determinations, falls to the former, while the particular and the manner of execution<\/em> falls to the latter. But this distinction is not thereby fully determinate, since a law, in order to be a law and not a mere command in general (like “thou shalt not kill,” cf. the Remark to \u00a7 140<\/a>), must be determinate<\/em> in itself, and the more determinate it is, the more its content approaches the capacity to be executed just as it stands. At the same time, however, a determination going this far would give the laws an empirical side, which would have to be subject to alteration in actual execution \u2014 something that would detract from the character of laws. It lies in the organic unity of the powers of the state itself that it is one<\/em> spirit which fixes the universal and which brings it to its determinate actuality and executes it. \u2014 It may at first seem striking that, of the many skills, possessions, activities, talents, and the infinitely manifold living resources<\/em> they contain, which are at the same time bound up with disposition, the state demands no direct performance, but claims only the one resource that appears as money<\/em>. \u2014 The services relating to the defence of the state against enemies belong only to the duty of the following division. In fact, however, money is not a particular<\/em> resource alongside the others, but is their universal, in so far as they produce themselves into the externality of existence, in which they can be grasped as a thing<\/em>. Only at this most external point is quantitative<\/em> determinacy, and hence the justice and equality of the services, possible. \u2014 Plato<\/em>, in his state, has the individuals allotted to the particular estates by their superiors and imposes on them their particular<\/em> services (cf. Remark to \u00a7 185<\/a>); in the feudal monarchy, vassals likewise had to render indeterminate services, but also in their particularity<\/em> \u2014 for example, the office of judge, and so on; the services in the Orient, in Egypt, for the immense architectural works and so forth, are likewise of a particular<\/em> quality. In these relations, the principle of subjective freedom<\/em> is lacking \u2014 namely, that the substantial activity of the individual, which in such services is in any case particular in its content, should be mediated by his particular will<\/em> \u2014 a right that is possible only through the demand for services in the form of universal value, and that is the ground which has brought about this transformation.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

These matters are more closely determined, in relation to individuals, according to two sides: \u03b1) what accrues to them through the state and which they are to enjoy, and \u03b2) what they have to render to it. Under the former are comprised the laws of private right in general, the rights of communities and corporations, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,13],"tags":[36],"class_list":["post-900465","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-paragraph-en","category-uncategorized","tag-actualization"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/grundlinien.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/900465","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/grundlinien.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/grundlinien.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grundlinien.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grundlinien.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=900465"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/grundlinien.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/900465\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":901104,"href":"https:\/\/grundlinien.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/900465\/revisions\/901104"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/grundlinien.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=900465"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grundlinien.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=900465"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grundlinien.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=900465"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}