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157

The concept of this Idea is only as spirit, as something knowing itself and actual, in that it is the objectification of itself, the movement through the form of its moments. It is therefore:
A. the immediate or natural ethical spirit — the family.
This substantiality passes over into the loss of its unity, into division, and into the standpoint of the relative, and is thus
B. civil society, a union of members as self-subsistent individuals in a universality that is thus only formal, brought about through their needs, and through the legal constitution as a means of security for persons and property, and through an external order for their particular and common interests — this external state
C. draws back and gathers itself together, in the purpose and actuality of the substantial universal and of the public life devoted to it, into the constitution of the state.

DE

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  1. Hegel (Notes) Avatar
    Hegel (Notes)

    Difference between family and state
    α) Free, independent persons, who provide for themselves – bondsmen, for whom the lord or the state provides
    β) For them the universal, a purpose, fatherland, laws, state as a universal, as that which commands subjectivity, and indeed as a law – respect for the law – not love or fear – law is not the subjective will – the same for all, and the shared element between the one who commands and the one who obeys – what is duty for the latter is also a limitation, a right, for the same – not contingent will, arbitrariness – but fixed, a boundary beyond which what is imposed may not go.
    γ) Division of affairs – All moments of the substantial and its efficacy constitute their own bodies and systems of laws and activities.
    System – particularization of ethical life, i.e. ethical life posited in its determinations – forms – every form, – difference, – is the whole genus, idea; –
    a) immediate will; natural will, freedom – to be with oneself – through negation of the natural will, i.e. the first is natural
    b) reflection – right, morality, abstract moment – falling down into particularity – unconscious substance, – necessity, bond –
    For the particular (abstract –) form of universality – only form – formation – independence of the person – out of the natural unity – unity is purified only in the being-for-self of two beings –
    c) state as third: α) independence of individuals –
    β) union in laws – unity as known, conscious, expressed, thought unity – i.e. as freedom as such –

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