[p. 204]
Paragraphs which Hegel, as rector of the Nuremberg Gymnasium, dictated to the lower class from 1810 onwards, together with his explanations. Not published in his lifetime; Karl Rosenkranz edited them in 1840 from the papers as the first course of the “Philosophische Propädeutik” (Werke, vol. XVIII, pp. 3 ff.). Translated from the German text of the Werke (vol. 4, “Nürnberger und Heidelberger Schriften”). Additions in parentheses are Rosenkranz’s, following Hegel’s dictation.
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The figures between vertical bars, e.g. |93|, mark the beginning of a page of the printed edition, so that a passage can be found again in one’s own copy.
In the notes, “Editors:” introduces a note by the editors of the German edition and “Hegel’s footnote.” one of Hegel’s own.
Cross-reference: The whole of practical philosophy on a few pages: abstract right, the society of the state, the doctrine of duties, religion. Much of it returns, worked out, in the Groundlines, often in the same words — compare § 34 ff. (abstract right), § 105 ff. (morality), § 142 ff. (ethical life) and § 257 ff. (the state). At each section the corresponding place is noted as a cross-reference. The German text is on the German side of this edition.
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Contents
- Introduction
- Explanations of the Introduction
- First Section: Doctrine of Right
- First Chapter: Right
- Second Chapter: The Society of the State
- Second Section: Doctrine of Duties or Morals
- I. Duties toward oneself
- II. Family Duty
- III. Duties towards the State
- IV. Duties towards Others
- Third Section: Doctrine of Religion
(1810 ff.)
Introduction
§ 1
The object of this doctrine is the human will, namely according to the relation of the particular will to the universal will. As will, spirit behaves practically. The practical behaviour, through which it posits in its indeterminacy a determination, or, in place of determinations present in it without its contribution, others out of itself, is to be distinguished from its theoretical behaviour.
§ 2
Consciousness in general is the relation of the I to an object, be it an inner or an outer one. Our knowledge contains in part objects which we cognize through sensuous perceptions, in part however objects which have their ground in spirit itself. The former make up the sensuous, the latter the intelligible world. The concepts of right, of the ethical and of religion belong to the latter.
§ 3
In the relation of the I and the object to one another, the I is 1. as passive and the object as the cause of determinations in me. In this case the determinate representations which I have in me come from the fact that immediately present objects make an
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