Why does Hegel document nothing and give so few examples?

Both are true, and both have the same ground.

The references

Hegel mostly does not name his opponents. Where he polemicizes — and he polemicizes often — one has to infer from the text who is meant. There are exceptions, and they are telling: where he names someone expressly, he is in earnest. Kant in § 75, Savigny in § 211, Carl Ludwig von Haller over several pages in § 258, Fries in the Preface, Adam Smith, Say and Ricardo in § 189 — in the whole book that is a manageable list.

This edition takes part of the work of inference off your hands: where an allusion can be assigned, it is given in the footnotes to the paragraphs.

The examples

The main text has almost none, and that is deliberate. Hegel wants to develop the matter out of its concept, not to illustrate it by cases; an example would for him already be an application from outside, and application comes after the concept, not before it. In the Remark to § 31 he says so unmistakably: the progression does not happen „through the assurance that various relations exist“, nor through the application of the universal to material taken up from elsewhere.

Where the examples are to be found after all

In the lecture room. Hegel spoke before students, and there he explained, compared and constructed cases — the transcripts are full of them. That is precisely why they are placed beneath every paragraph in this edition. Whoever does not understand a passage often finds there, in three sentences, what the main text compresses into a single period.

An example of the example: on the conduct of war the main text says abstractly that war may not be waged against private persons (§ 338). The Griesheim transcript then says concretely what is meant: „The administration of justice, churches, poor-houses, hospitals — all this is left to go its way, and likewise private life and the trades.“

Literature. Eckart Förster, Die 25 Jahre der Philosophie, Frankfurt a. M. 2011 (English: The Twenty-Five Years of Philosophy, Cambridge, Mass. 2012) – on the density of the state of research against which Hegel mostly argues without naming names; Michael Inwood, A Hegel Dictionary, Oxford 1992.

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