Do I have to have read Kant first?

No, but it helps — and for two places it is indispensable.

Where it does not work without Kant

First, in morality. Hegel’s chapter on purpose, intention, the good and conscience (§ 105 to § 141) is over long stretches a reckoning with Kant, and the sharpest sentences are only half intelligible without the opposing position. Hegel’s objection is that the categorical imperative is purely formal: it says that one should will without contradiction, but not what. One has to know what Kant claims in order to see whether the objection hits.

Second, with the will. Hegel’s concept of freedom (§ 5 to § 7) is built as an answer to Kant’s concept of autonomy. Without Kant one reads it as a description; with Kant, as a correction.

Where it works without Kant

Abstract right — person, property, contract, wrong and punishment — and the whole of civil society with its economy, administration of justice and poverty can be read without prior knowledge of Kant. Lawyers find familiar ground here in any case.

A suggestion, if you want to save time

Instead of the whole Critique of Practical Reason, the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785) is enough to begin with — a slim book. Together with Kant’s Metaphysical First Principles of the Doctrine of Right (1797), to which Hegel refers explicitly more than once — among other places in § 75, where he says that the concept of contract cannot subsume marriage under it and calls Kant’s doing so — „one must say“ — a disgracefulness. Whoever knows these two books understands three quarters of Hegel’s polemic.

And the reverse holds too: one can begin with Hegel and catch up on Kant when one notices that one needs him. At the decisive points Hegel says himself whom he is writing against.

Literature. Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785) and The Metaphysics of Morals (1797); Hegel’s early reckoning in Faith and Knowledge (1802) and in the essay on natural right (1802/03). – For the wider setting Eckart Förster, Die 25 Jahre der Philosophie, Frankfurt a. M. 2011 (English: The Twenty-Five Years of Philosophy, Cambridge, Mass. 2012).

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