Tag: Concept

Together with the family, the corporation constitutes the second, ethical root of the state, one grounded in civil society. The former contains the moments of subjective particularity and objective universality in substantial unity; the latter, however, unites in an inward manner these same moments — which in civil society are initially divided into the self-reflected…

Third Section. The State The state is the actuality of the ethical Idea — ethical spirit as the revealed, self-transparent, substantial will, which thinks and knows itself and accomplishes what it knows, and insofar as it knows it. It has its immediate existence in custom, and its mediated existence in the self-consciousness of the individual,…

The state, as the actuality of the substantial will which it possesses in the particular self-consciousness raised to its universality, is that which is rational in and for itself. This substantial unity is an absolute, unmoved end in itself, in which freedom attains its supreme right — just as this ultimate end has the supreme…

The Idea of the state: a) has immediate actuality and is the individual state as an organism relating itself to itself — constitution, or internal constitutional law; b) passes over into the relation of the individual state to other states — external constitutional law; c) is the universal Idea as genus and as absolute power…

A. Internal Constitutional Law The state is the actuality of concrete freedom; but concrete freedom consists in this, that personal individuality and its particular interests not only achieve their complete development and gain recognition of their right for themselves (within the system of the family and of civil society), but also, on the one hand,…

In relation to the spheres of private right and private welfare, of the family and of civil society, the state is, on the one hand, an external necessity and their higher power, to whose nature their laws and interests are subordinate and on which they are dependent; but, on the other hand, it is their…

The actual Idea, spirit, which divides itself into the two ideal spheres of its concept — the family and civil society — as into its finitude, in order to be, out of their ideality, infinite actual spirit for itself, thereby allots to these spheres the material of this its finite actuality, individuals as the mass,…

Within these spheres, in which its moments — individuality and particularity — have their immediate and reflected reality, spirit is present as their objective universality shining into them, as the power of the rational within necessity (§ 184), namely as the institutions considered above.

The individuals of the mass, since they are themselves spiritual natures and thus contain within themselves the doubled moment — namely the extreme of individuality knowing and willing for itself, and the extreme of universality knowing and willing the substantial — and therefore attain the right of these two sides only in so far as…

These institutions constitute, in the particular sphere, the constitution — that is, rationality developed and actualized — and are therefore the firm basis of the state, as well as of the confidence and disposition of individuals toward it, and the pillars of public freedom, since in them particular freedom is realized and rational, so that…

But spirit is objective and actual not merely as this necessity and as a realm of appearance, but as the ideality of this necessity and as its inner being; thus this substantial universality is an object and a purpose to itself, and that necessity is thereby equally present in the shape of freedom.

Necessity within this ideality is the development of the Idea within itself; as subjective substantiality it is the political disposition, and as objective substantiality, in distinction from the former, it is the organism of the state — the properly political state and its constitution.

The disposition takes its particular determinate content from the different sides of the organism of the state. This organism is the development of the Idea into its differences and into their objective actuality. These differentiated sides are thus the different powers and their respective business and activities, through which the universal continually — since these…

That the purpose of the state is the universal interest as such, and within this, as its substance, the preservation of particular interests, is, first, its abstract actuality or substantiality; but this is, second, its necessity, in that it diremps itself into the differences, determined by the concept, of its activity, which, through that substantiality,…

The political constitution is, in the first place: the organization of the state and the process of its organic life in relation to itself, in which it differentiates its moments within itself and develops them into subsistence. Secondly, the state is, as an individuality, an exclusive unit, which thereby relates itself to others, and thus…

I. The Internal Constitution as such The constitution is rational in so far as the state differentiates and determines its activity within itself according to the nature of the concept, and indeed in such a way that each of these powers is itself, within itself, the totality, in that it has the other moments effectively…

The political state thus diremps itself into the substantial differences:a) the power to determine and establish the universal — the legislative power;b) the subsumption of the particular spheres and individual cases under the universal — the governmental power;c) subjectivity as the ultimate decision of the will — the power of the crown, in which the…

Since spirit is actual only as that which it knows itself to be, and the state, as the spirit of a people, is at the same time the law permeating all its relations, as well as the customs and the consciousness of its individuals, the constitution of a specific people depends in general on the…

a. The Power of the Crown The power of the crown itself contains within it the three moments of the totality (§ 272): the universality of the constitution and the laws; deliberation as the referring of the particular to the universal; and the moment of ultimate decision, as self-determination, into which everything else reverts and…

1. The basic determination of the political state is substantial unity as the ideality of its moments, in which α) its particular powers and functions are as much dissolved as preserved, and are preserved only in such a way that they possess no independent authority, but only such and so much authority as is determined…