Tag: Concept

Second Section. Civil Society The concrete person, who is, to himself, a particular purpose, as a whole of needs and a mixture of natural necessity and arbitrary will, is the one principle of civil society; but the particular person, as essentially in relation to other such particularity, is such that each makes itself count and…

The self-seeking purpose, in its actualization, so conditioned by universality, grounds a system of all-round dependence, such that the subsistence and welfare of the individual, and his rightful existence, are interwoven with the subsistence, welfare, and right of all, are grounded on this, and are actual and secured only within this context. — This system…

The Idea, in this its division, grants to its moments a peculiar existence — to particularity the right to develop and range itself over all sides, and to universality the right to prove itself the ground and necessary form of particularity, as well as the power over it and its ultimate purpose. — It is…

But the principle of particularity, precisely in that it develops itself, for itself, into totality, passes over into universality, and has its truth, and the right of its positive actuality, solely in this. This unity, which, on account of the self-subsistence of both principles at this standpoint of division (§ 184), is not [yet] the…

As citizens of this state, individuals are private persons, who have their own interest as their purpose. Since this purpose is mediated through the universal, which thus appears to them as a means, it can be attained by them only insofar as they themselves determine their knowing, willing, and acting in a universal manner, and…

Civil society contains the three moments: A. The mediation of need and the satisfaction of the individual through his labour, and through the labour and the satisfaction of the needs of all others — the system of needs. B. The actuality of the universal of freedom contained therein — the protection of property through the…

A. The System of Needs Particularity, at first, as determined in opposition to the universal of the will in general (§ 60), is subjective need, which attains its objectivity — that is, satisfaction — through the means of α) external things, which are now likewise the property and product of other needs and wills, and…

a. The Kind of Need and Satisfaction The animal has a limited circle of means and ways of satisfying its likewise limited needs. The human being proves, even within this dependence, at the same time his going-beyond it, and his universality — at first through the multiplication of needs and means, and then through the…

The estates determine themselves, according to the concept, as the substantial or immediate estate, the reflecting or formal estate, and, then, as the universal estate.

The principle of this system of needs has, as the particularity peculiar to knowing and willing, the universality that is in and for itself — the universality of freedom — only abstractly within it, and thus as the right of property, which, however, is here no longer merely in itself, but is, in its valid…

B. The Administration of Justice The relative [character] of the reciprocal relation of needs and of labour for them has, at first, its reflection into itself in infinite personality in general — in abstract right. But it is this sphere of the relative, as culture, itself, which gives to right its existence: to be universally…

The objective actuality of right consists, in part, in being present for consciousness, in being known in general, and, in part, in having the power of actuality and being valid, and thus also in being known as universally valid.

a. Right as Law What is right in itself is, in its objective existence, posited — that is, determined for consciousness through thought, and made known as that which is right and valid: the law; and right, through this determination, is positive right in general. To posit something as universal — that is, to bring…

In this identity of being-in-itself and being-posited, only what is law has binding force as right. Since being-posited constitutes the side of existence in which the contingency of self-will and of other particularity can also enter, what is law can, in its content, still be different from what is right in itself. In positive right,…

b. The Existence of Law Being bound by the law includes within it, on the side of the right of self-consciousness (§ 132, with the Remark), the necessity that the laws be made generally known. To hang the laws up so high, as Dionysius the Tyrant did, that no citizen could read them — or…

c. The Court Right, having entered into existence in the form of law, is for itself; it stands, self-subsistent, over against the particular willing and opining about right, and has to assert itself as universal. This cognition and actualization of right in the particular case, without the subjective feeling of particular interest, falls to a…

In the administration of justice, civil society — in which the Idea has become lost in particularity, and has fallen apart into the separation of the inner and the outer — leads itself back to its concept, the unity of the universal that is in itself with subjective particularity, though the latter is present [only]…

C. The Police and the Corporation Within the system of needs, the subsistence and welfare of each individual are present as a possibility, whose actuality is conditioned both by his own arbitrary will and natural particularity, and by the objective system of needs; through the administration of justice, the violation of property and personality is…

a. The Police The securing power of the universal remains, at first, insofar as the particular will is still the principle for this or that purpose, in part restricted to the sphere of contingencies, and in part an external order.

The provision of the police actualizes and maintains, at first, the universal that is contained in the particularity of civil society, as an external order and arrangement for the protection and security of the masses of particular purposes and interests that have their subsistence within this universal, just as, in the capacity of higher direction,…