Tag: Actualization

If the direct burden were placed on the wealthier class, or if the direct means were present in other public property (rich hospitals, endowments, monasteries) to maintain the mass moving toward poverty at its accustomed standard of living, then the subsistence of the needy would be secured without being mediated by labour — which would…

Through this dialectic of its own, civil society is driven beyond itself — at first, this determinate society — to seek, outside itself, among other peoples who are behind it in the means of which it has a surplus, or, in general, in industrial skill, consumers, and thereby the necessary means of subsistence.

Just as, for the principle of family life, the earth, firm ground and soil, is the condition, so, for industry, the natural element that animates it outwardly is the sea. Amid the pursuit of acquisition, precisely by exposing it to danger, industry raises itself, at the same time, above that pursuit, and displaces the fixation…

This extended connection also offers the means of colonization — sporadic or systematic — to which developed civil society is driven, and through which it procures, in part, for a portion of its population, in a new soil, a return to the family principle, and, in part, for itself, a new demand and field for…

The agricultural estate has, in the substantiality of its family and natural life, immediately within itself, its concrete universal, in which it lives; the universal estate has, in its determination, the universal for itself, as the purpose of its activity and as its ground. The mean between the two, the estate of trade, is essentially…

The system of labour in civil society falls, according to the nature of its particularity, into different branches. Since what is thus, in itself, alike within particularity comes into existence, as something held in common, within the association, the self-seeking purpose, directed toward its own particular [interest], at the same time grasps and actualizes itself…

According to this determination, the corporation has, under the supervision of the public power, the right to attend to its own interests enclosed within it, to admit members according to the objective qualification of their skill and rectitude, in a number determined by the general context, and to bear, for those belonging to it, care…

In the corporation, the family has not only its firm ground, as the securing of its subsistence conditioned by qualification, a firm resource (§ 170), but both are also recognized, so that the member of a corporation has no need to demonstrate, through any further external declarations, his competence and his orderly livelihood and progress…

The corporation involves a restriction of the so-called natural right to exercise one’s skill, and thereby to acquire what there is to acquire, only inasmuch as this right is, within the corporation, determined toward rationality — that is, liberated from one’s own opinion and contingency, from danger to oneself as well as to others, and…

Political disposition, patriotism in general, as certainty grounded in truth (mere subjective certainty does not proceed from truth and is merely opinion) and as willing that has become habit, is only a result of the institutions subsisting within the state, in which rationality is actually present, just as this disposition acquires its practical activation through…

From the sovereignty of the monarch flows the right of pardon for criminals, for to it alone belongs the actualization of the power of spirit to make undone what has been done, and to annihilate the crime through forgiving and forgetting. The right of pardon is one of the highest acknowledgments of the majesty of…

The second element contained in the power of the crown is the moment of particularity, or of determinate content, and of its subsumption under the universal. Insofar as this attains a particular existence, it consists of supreme advisory bodies and individuals who bring the content of current affairs of state, or of legal determinations rendered…

In so far as the objective element of a decision — the knowledge of its content and circumstances, and the legal and other grounds that determine it — alone is capable of responsibility, i.e. of a proof of objectivity, and can therefore pertain to a deliberative body distinct from the personal will of the monarch…

The objective guarantee of the power of the crown — of the legal succession through the hereditary nature of the throne, etc. — lies in the fact that, just as this sphere has its own actuality distinct from the other moments determined by reason, so too the other moments have, for themselves, the specific rights…

The communal particular interests which fall within civil society and lie outside the universal of the state that is in and for itself (§ 256) have their administration in the corporations (§ 251) of the local communities and of other trades and estates, and in the latter’s authorities, presiding officers, administrators, and the like. In…

The maintenance of the universal interest of the state, and of legality, within these particular rights, and the reduction of the latter to conformity with the former, require oversight and care on the part of delegates of governmental power — the executive state officials — and of the higher deliberative bodies, which are constituted on…

In the business of government, the division of labour (§ 198) likewise makes its appearance. The organization of the administrative bodies accordingly has the formal, but difficult, task that, from below, where civil life is concrete, this life should be governed in a concrete manner, while this business should nevertheless be divided into its abstract…

The business of government is objective in nature, already decided in its substance for itself (§ 287), and is to be carried out and made actual by individuals. Between the two there is no immediate natural connection; individuals are therefore not determined for this by natural personality and birth. The objective moment for their determination…

The subjective side — namely, that this particular individual, out of the several individuals there necessarily and indeterminately are (since the objective element here does not lie in genius, as it does, for example, in art), among whom preference is not something absolutely determinable, is chosen and appointed to a given office and authorized to…

The particular business of the state which the monarchy hands over to the administrative bodies constitutes a part of the objective side of the sovereignty inherent in the monarch; the specific difference between these bodies is likewise given by the nature of the case, and just as the activity of these bodies is a fulfilment…