On the Scientific Ways of Treating Natural Right

This is nothing other than the performance of tragedy within the ethical, which the Absolute eternally plays with itself: that it eternally gives birth to itself into objectivity, thereby surrendering itself, in this its figure, to suffering and to death, and raising itself up out of its ashes into glory. The divine, in its figure and objectivity, has immediately a doubled nature, and its life is the absolute oneness of these natures; but the movement of the absolute conflict of these two natures presents itself, in the divine [nature] that has comprehended itself therein, as courage – with which it frees itself from the death of the other, conflicting nature, yet through this liberation surrenders its own life, for this life exists only in being bound together with that other; but it likewise rises again out of it absolutely, for in this death, as the sacrifice of the second nature, death is itself conquered; – appearing, however, in the other nature, the divine movement presents itself such that the pure abstraction of this nature, which would be a merely subterranean, purely negative power, is sublated through its living union with the divine, in that the latter shines into it and, through this ideal oneness in spirit, makes it into its own reconciled living body – which, as body, at once remains in difference and in transience, and, through spirit, beholds the divine as something alien to itself.

The image of this tragedy, more closely determined for the ethical, is the outcome of that trial of the Eumenides – as the powers of right that subsists in difference – and of Apollo, the god of indifferent light, over Orestes, before the ethical organization, the people of Athens; which, in human fashion, as the Areopagus of Athens, casts equal votes for both powers into the urn, acknowledges the coexistence of both, yet thereby neither settles the strife nor determines any relation or connection between them; but, in divine fashion, as the Athena of Athens, gives back wholly to himself the one entangled, by the god himself, in this difference, and, together with the separation of the powers that both had a part in the criminal, also brings about a reconciliation such that the Eumenides would be honored by this people as divine powers and would henceforth have their seat in the city, so that their wild nature might enjoy the sight, from their altar erected below in the city, of Athena enthroned on high upon the citadel opposite, and would thereby be pacified.

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63

DE

Comments

One response to “On the Scientific Ways of Treating Natural Right”

  1. Editorial Note Avatar
    Editorial Note

    Editorial Note:

    The following passages of this essay anticipate ideas that Hegel later developed at greater length in the Elements of the Philosophy of Right. Each link leads directly to the exact passage within this essay:

    • p. 427 f. (part 2, 1802) – “The state of nature, and the majesty and divinity of the whole of the condition of right …” → § 258 (on the relation between the state of nature, contract theory, and the state’s ethical substantiality)
    • p. 437 (part 2, 1802) – “If the determinacy of property in general is posited, then the tautological proposition …” → § 135 (on the critique of the empty formalism of the Kantian doctrine of duty (the example of property))
    • p. 439 (part 2, 1802) – “A maxim that, on this principle, is immoral because it contradicts itself, is, precisely …” → § 135 (on the critique of the empty formalism of the Kantian doctrine of duty (the example of helping the poor))
    • p. 449 (part 2, 1802) – “In this its determination, then, punishment is something in itself, truly infinite and …” → § 99 (on the theory of punishment: punishment as a work of freedom, against the mere idea of coercion or deterrence)
    • p. 458 (part 2, 1802) – “They received laws and commanders from the will of their monarch, and the descendants of …” → § 357 (on the Roman Empire as the disintegration of ethical life into private personhood and abstract universality)
    • p. 459 (part 2, 1802) – “It is this nothing other than the performance of tragedy within the ethical, which the …” → § 324 (on the ethical moment of sacrifice and the transience of the finite (compare the motif of war))
    • p. 464 (part 2, 1802) – “But that which we have set on one side under the outer form of the first estate is the …” → § 325 (on the estate of valor of its own, and the free, violent death as the highest abstraction of freedom)
    • p. 469 (part 3, 1803) – “There must also be a reflex of the same in his empirical consciousness, and such a reflex …” → § 204 (on the second estate (possession, property, bourgeois/formal ethical life))
    • p. 469 f. (part 3, 1803) – “Those properties, however, that are truly ethical, in that in them the particular or …” → § 150 (on virtue as ethical energy become individual (the examples of Epaminondas, Hannibal, Caesar))
    • p. 470 (part 3, 1803) – “It must also present itself in the form of universality and of cognition, as a system of …” → § 274 (on the relation between legislation and the living customs of a people)
    • p. 471 (part 3, 1803) – “We remark in advance, in general, that philosophy, through the universality of the …” → § 3 (on the boundary between philosophical and positive (historical) legal science)

Leave a Reply